Titrimetric and UV-spectrophotometric determination of diclofenac in tablet formulation
Author(s): Benjamin U Ebeshi*, Vaikosen N. Edebi, Ossai Assuai
Abstract
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is usually formulated as a sodium or potassium salt. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities both in animals and in humans. This study sets out to evaluate the quality and efficacy of diclofenac tablets using Chemical and UV spectrophotometric methods with a view to providing simple, sensitive and cost-effective analytical methods. The tablet samples were subjected to weight uniformity and hardness test. Method validation was by means of a precision assay. The methods were applied to the determination of diclofenac in tablets formulation. Six different brands of diclofenac tablets sourced from pharmacies in Yenagoa and Port-Harcourt, South-south region of Nigeria were analysed for diclofenac by non-aqueous titrimetry and UV spectrophotometry at the λmax of 296 nm. All the six different brands of diclofenac tablet complied with the pharmacopoeia specification for uniformity of weight and the tablets possess suitable hardness for handling in manufacturing, packaging and shipping. The percentage purity of diclofenac from the non-aqueous titration ranged from 99.2 - 133%. The coefficient of variation for In-between run, Intra-day run and accuracy of the UV spectrophotometric method was within 4%. The percentage purity from UV determination ranged from 87.8 - 120.5%. Four of the six different samples conform to the BP specification using the non- aqueous titration while four of the brands did not meet the BP specification using the UV spectrophotometric method. The findings suggest that no single method could be adequate in the determination of the quality of pharmaceutical formulations.
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